Treaty 8 was the largest and last land agreement of the nineteenth century. It ceded 840,000 square kilometers of land after the federal government claimed that the Cree, Dene, Métis, and thirty-six other First Nations were forced to surrender their claims to the land. Many Indigenous leaders have challenged this view, as they claim that they signed a nation-to-nation treaty that allows for traditional ways of life without restriction and other resources like healthcare and education.
